Dr. Johnson’s Advice

Dr. Samuel Johnson was a famous poet, literary critic, and editor. He compiled and organized A Dictionary of the English Language, which was used for 150 years before the Oxford English Dictionarys publication

In Joshua Reynolds’ portrait, the painter shows Dr. Johnson holding a manuscript close to his eyes. Why? Because the great writer was nearsighted, and Reynolds wanted to show this.

Dr. Johnson’s advice: “The greatest part of a writer’s life is spent in reading, in order to write; a man will turn over half a library to make one book.” Samuel Johnson (1709-1784)

Diction and Style

Every writer has his/her own style, and good editors know how to enhance that style. After all, that’s one of an editor’s main jobs.

What is style? It’s how a writer expresses himself/herself on the page. One factor contributing to style is diction—word choice.

The words a writer chooses contribute not only to his/her literary style but also its tone. Some writers use a straightforward, unadorned style using everyday words while others use flowery language, big words, and lots of imagery. To determine whether these styles are appropriate, consider two things: audience and purpose.

Audience

When writing for the general reader, avoid multi-syllable Latinate words – English words that originated from Latin. Use common English words instead. If writing for a scientific or scholarly publication, use Latinate words because readers of those publications expect it.

Purpose

Why are we writing our article, story, or book? Do we want to convey joy, anger, concern? Or something else. Choose words that convey our purpose and meaning. Let’s look at the first paragraph of an article I wrote for “HiCall,” an Assemblies of God publication.

Inheriting the Promises of God

The moon beamed her pale silver light over us as we slowly waded in shallow gulf waters. An occasional seagull flew overhead, laughing at our plight. Sometimes we felt the gentle bumps of needlefish as they followed my father’s floundering light. Crabs scurried along the sandy bottom as we approached them. We began to tire, and it seemed we had walked for hours….

Analysis

My Audience: Teenaged boys, so I chose a subject that would appeal to them—floundering with my father.

My Tone: A sense of pleasantness and relaxation while on a vacation. I hope you felt it.

Diction: Happy and pleasant details/words—the moon beaming, seagulls laughing, gentle bumps.

Inheriting the Promises of God

Frustrated Tone

The moon sneaked behind forbidding clouds as we waded aimlessly in shallow gulf waters. A seagull’s cackle mocked us. Needlefish rammed our legs—stupid fish! Crabs fled every direction along the sandy bottom. After all the pitiful hours my father and I trudged, we were exhausted. Where were the flounders?

Analysis

In this revision, I used negative words such as sneaked, forbidding, aimlessly, mocked, rammed. stupid, pitiful, trudged and exhausted. I also ended with a question, which highlighted my frustration. I hope you see the difference..

Photo Credit: NOAA Ocean Exploration and Research

Choose your words carefully when you write. Oh, by the way, my father and I ended up with lots of flounders before the night was over.



Quick Tip: Implication

One effective way to describe something is through implication. The famous Russian author, Anton Chekhov, once said: “Don’t tell me the moon is shining; show me the glint of light on the broken glass.” When he said this, he was speaking about using implication. If we see the light on the broken glass at night, this implies that the moon is shining.

Four Benefits of Journaling

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Ever since I started writing seriously in the mid-1980s, I’ve kept journals. I didn’t use those fancy leather-bound journals available at some stores, though they are fine to use. My earliest journals were on inexpensive spiral notebooks. As a writer, I’ve found journaling an invaluable tool for my craft.

How often should one write in them? Some will recommend people write in them every day. Although I’m not opposed to this, I don’t write in my journal every day. I do, however, try to write in it as often as I can.

Journaling has lots of benefits for writers and non-writers. I share four of these benefits here.

Four Benefits

  1. Journaling is therapeutic. When we’re going through a difficult time or a personal crisis, journaling helps us express our emotions. By writing, we can vent our feelings and find release from stress. Psychologist James Pennebaker says journaling reduces “the impact of stressors on our immune system.”
  2. Journaling helps our creativity and also helps to overcome writer’s block. Through journaling, we can practice new styles of writing and experiment without the pressure of deadlines. Sometimes, ideas will pop into our heads for stories or articles. Keep a running list of these ideas in a journal.
  3. Journaling improves our writing. Through journaling we learn to express ourselves better, and this includes clearer conversations with other people too.
  4. When we journal on a regular basis, we develop self-discipline. Self-discipline — writing everyday regardless of how we feel — is one of the keys to succeeding as a writer.

If you haven’t been journaling, why not start today? All you need is a pen and notebook. It’s never too late.

Sources

Lidia Kesarovska,  “The 17 Benefits of Journaling That Will Motivate You to Start Writing Tomorrow,” Let’s Reach Success (blog)January 9, 2020, https://letsreachsuccess.com/benefits-of-journaling/

“Benefits of Journaling: The Science and Philosophy Behind Keeping a Diary,” Intelligent Change (blog), https://www.intelligentchange.com/blogs/read/benefits-of-journaling, n.d.

Thai Nguyen, “Ten Surprising Benefits You’ll Get From Keeping a Journal,” HuffPost, February 13, 2015 https://www.huffpost.com/entry/benefits-of-journaling-_b_6648884

“How to Write Better: 5 Benefits of Journaling,” MasterClass, August 30, 2021, https//www.masterclass.com/articles/benefits-of-journaling

Ethical Writing: Quoting the Bible

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Is it possible for Christian writers to get in legal trouble when they quote the Bible? Yes. This is especially true for indie authors. To quote any modern translation requires written permission from that translation’s publisher. If we quote it without permission, not only is it unethical, it also breaks copyright law.

Copyright law does have a Fair Use clause which says a writer may quote a certain amount of copyrighted material without permission. However, it doesn’t specify how much an author may quote. It’s always wise, in my opinion, to ask for it first. As an indie author, I use the Authorized King James Version because it’s in the public domain in the United States. In the United Kingdom, a writer still needs permission. It’s copyrighted there.

For United Kingdom authors., here’s an important link: Rights and Permissions | Cambridge University Press

Typically, traditional publishers have a contractual agreement with certain Bible publishers. In their guidelines for writers, they specify which translations they use. Thus, writers for these publishers needn’t worry about getting permission.

Of course, indie authors can use modern translations if they get permission first. The best way to do this is to visit a Bible publisher’s website and click on its “Terms of Use” or similar link, usually at the bottom of the Home page. Then read what it says regarding its copyright status and how to obtain permission. Sometimes, it’ll lead us to another page where we can fill out a request form to submit.

Steps to Follow, B & H Publishers

  1. Visit Home – B&H Publishing (bhpublishinggroup.com).
  2. Scroll down to the bottom of the Home Page.
  3. Under “About Us,” click on “Privacy Policy and Terms.”
  4. Under the “Permissions” section, click here.
  5. On the Permissions Page, click on Licensing and Permissions Request form
  6. Fill out form and submit

This is how to request permission from the B & H Publishing Group. Other Bible publishers use a similar procedure.

Short Story: The Last Gamble

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Blaine steered his battered blue pickup down the two-lane street, his vehicle bumping over its potholes. He glanced in his sideview mirror. Did anyone see him and Ricky over in the Castle Bridge neighborhood breaking into that rich dude’s mansion? Did anyone jot down his pickup’s license plate number and call the cops? If so, the cops could probably trace his address from it.  Maybe he and Ricky should’ve swiped some patsy’s truck first, one with a license plate from a neighboring state—Mississippi, Florida, Georgia, or Tennessee. Then use it instead.

He approached the next block. On its corner, two sago palms framed his neighborhood’s large wooden sign, “Friendly Pines,” its words etched in bold black letters. Yeah. Friendly me. Smirking, Blaine brushed his big knuckles along his thick mustache. His foot eased off the gas pedal. His vehicle slowed toward his single-story red brick house, a rental, on the next block. A squirrel scampered clear of his wheels.

Two weeks ago, his boss fired him from his locksmith job while his gambling debts piled higher than bricks in a brickyard. His landlord threatened to toss him out on the street if he didn’t pay his overdue rent by the end of next week.  Other creditors besieged him. As for Ricky, whom he’d befriended at the blackjack table in the local casino, he already possessed a criminal record and was a frequent occupant of Alabama’s jails. What they did here in was just another “job” for him.

Blaine turned onto his ankle-high Bermuda grass and parked behind a long wooden shed that abutted his house and carport. Didn’t need nosey neighbors spying on him and Ricky. “Let’s hurry.” Blaine scrambled out of his vehicle into the crisp fall air.

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“I’ll be a-movin’, Blaine.” Ricky spoke this from the passenger’s side. He shoved open his door, got down, and strode to the rear of the truck. He dropped its tailgate then sprang onto its bed. Wiry of build, he moved quickly, as agile as a cat.

Before Blaine joined him, he frowned at his littered, sorry excuse of a street. Three cars motored along it at tortoise speed. If only he didn’t love gambling, the lights and action inside the casino, the clatter of dice, the dinging of slot machines, the quiet shuffling of cards, the thrill all games of chance fed him…if only he didn’t love gambling, he wouldn’t be in this predicament nor would he be living here. Nicer neighborhood, nicer home, a wife and a dog and maybe a cat. All the locksmiths he knew lived better than him. Though they didn’t wallow in dough like the rich snob he’d burgled, they at least enjoyed comfortable middle-class lifestyles.

“Any of them coppers comin’?” Ricky hefted a square safe onto a red dolly. Sweat puddled his black muscle shirt.

“I haven’t seen any yet,” Blaine said. “You did a good job disarming that rich dude’s alarm.”

“I got lotsa talent doin’ that sorta thin’.” Ricky flashed a gap-toothed grin and wheeled the safe along the truck bed, up to him. “Gimme some hep with this, will ya’?”

His muscular arms folded around it, Blaine grunted and groaned and hefted the safe off the dolly. A sudden breeze swatted his cheeks. He bent his knees, lowering it onto the ground. “Whew! Wheel it to my back door.”

“I’m a-doin’ it.”

While Blaine followed Ricky to his back porch, he glimpsed a muddy pickup creeping past his house. Its front bumper held a winch. It also had a broken taillight and, judging from its Alabama license plate, it was from around here. Blaine stopped and studied it closer. Kind of familiar-looking. Deer season was several weeks away. Probably a deer hunter on his way to pick up a friend or something. The truck turned a corner.

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Blaine brushed aside a spider web hanging off his shed’s roof before he joined Ricky at his back door. He fumbled the keys out of his pocket and unlocked it. After wheeling the safe down a short hall, Ricky turned into the curtained bedroom. Blaine followed.

Dust balls danced in the room’s grayness. Blaine snorted and cursed his nose’s stuffiness. In his matchbox kitchen, a refrigerator hummed. Its ice maker kicked ice into the ice tray. He switched on his light and rubbed his palms together. “Ah! Now we’ll see what Mister High and Mighty has in this iron box.”

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“Betcha it’s diamonds or pearls.”

“Are you kidding? I’m counting on cash. Thousands of hundreds. Pay off all my debts.  Yeah!” Blaine plopped down on his beer-stained carpet and put his ear to the dial. He turned it one number at a time. “Okay, box. I’ll figure out your combination if it takes me till the earth stops spinning. Ricky, go check the street.”

Ricky went to the window and peeked between the taupe drapes

“See anything suspicious?”

“Ain’t nary a body in sight. You know if we go get ourselves collared and cuffed, they’ll be throwin’ the book at us.”

“That’s not a new experience for you. Now keep quiet. I’ve got to work on this lock.”

“I’m a-keepin’ quiet.”

“Shh!”

Some fifteen minutes later Blaine stood, folded his arms, and sighed. The safe seemed to mock him, its black combination lock and white numbers almost laughing out the words: “You lose, locksmith! Try again!”

Ham fists behind his back, he paced back and forth. A light bulb overhead clicked out. His room dimmed. Only one bulb worked now. He stopped, whirled back toward the box, and growled. There had to be a way to break into that thing. Live out of his truck for the rest of his years? Panhandle forever? No. Never. “Go get me a beer out of the fridge, Ricky.”

“Can’t get inside it?”

“No, I can’t!” The angry words launched off his tongue. Then he cleared his throat. “Uh, maybe a cold beer will help me think.”

“Can I get me one, too?”

Blaine smiled. A drill. Yes. That’s it! He’d get his drill out of his shed and drill a hole in it.

“Hey. Lookee here.” Ricky, still peering through the parted drapes, gestured Blaine forward.

When Blaine looked out the window, his eyes narrowed. That muddy pickup with the broken taillight…It pulled over and parked across the street. The driver, a hulking square-shouldered man dressed in hunting camouflage and boots, got out of the vehicle. Then he reached inside his truck’s cab and grabbed a shotgun. A twelve gauge? Double-barreled?

Blaine jerked away from the window. Though he was muscular and tall, five feet eleven inches, the hunter towered over him like a Goliath.  “He’s coming at us.”

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“Go fetch your pistol.” Ricky also withdrew from the drapes.

“It’s in your truck,” Blaine said.

 “So we’re—”

“Yeah.” Blaine’s fist smacked his palm. “We don’t stand got a chance against that guy’s gun. Let’s get out of this place.

 “We ain’t gonna make it. Truck’s low on gas you said on the way here.

 “Yeah.” Blaine clutched his head. “I forgot.”

The man pounded Blaine’s paneled front door.

Clearing his throat and forcing steadiness into his knees, suddenly turned to jelly, Blaine led his friend to it. “Who’s there?”

 “Open up,” the baritone voice boomed.

“Why?”

“Because if you don’t, I’ll blast a load of buckshot through your door and your body.”

Blaine winced when the man cocked his gun. He reached for the doorknob, then hesitated. “What’d you want, Mister?”

“You’ve got something belonging to me. Open up.”

“You’re on my property. Get off it.”

A chortle outside. “All right. I know a good taxidermist who’ll do a nice job with your heads.”

Blaine cracked open the door, just a sliver, thanks to its chain lock. He studied the double-barreled shotgun. His tongue tasted like sandpaper.

“If you don’t let me inside, I’ll shoot both of you where you stand.”

Stomach in his throat, Blaine stammered. “I’ve got a chain lock on this door. I’ll have to close it first to unlock it.”

“No tricks.”

“No.” Blaine shut the door, glanced at owl-eyed Ricky, steadied his hand. Out of its casing came the chain.  He opened the door.

His shotgun aimed at them, the man ducked beneath the doorway and swaggered into the house. He continued speaking, his tone as icy as deer season’s winter. “You broke into my house a half hour ago, disarmed my alarm.”

“How’d you know?” Blaine eyed the man’s thick forefinger, slipping around one of his gun’s two triggers.

“I didn’t hear it go off when I saw you two back out of my driveway onto my street. So naturally, I assumed one of you did it.”

“You’re the rich dude?”

Thin lips tight, the man nodded. “Coming back home from my hunting camp when I saw you hefting my safe onto your truck.” He shrugged. “I decided I’d follow you to see where you’d take it.”

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Blaine raised his palms defensively. “L-Look, Mister, all we stole was your safe.”

“And we ain’t even figgered out the combination yet,” Ricky said.

“You can have it back,” Blaine said. “H-Honest.”

The man pointed his gun at their chests. “Lead me to it. I’ll help you open it.”

Blaine and Ricky swapped worried glances.

“Do it,” the man said, “else I’m liable to blow your brains out, process you two like a couple of eight-point bucks, and eat your hearts for supper.” He licked his lips, reminding Blaine of a cannibal about to roast them on a spit. “Then I’ll take your heads to my taxidermist so I can mount y’all on my wall.”

Blaine and Ricky fled to the bedroom where sat the safe, the man at their heels. He positioned himself behind them and called out the combination.

Blaine’s hand fumbled and stumbled through the lock’s numbers. “Two left, ten right, four—”

The gun’s cold muzzle pressured his neck. “Those are the wrong numbers. Let me repeat them again…slowly.” The man did.

And again Blaine, his brain scrambling through a haze, fumbled and stumbled on each number without success.

“What’s the matter?” the man said, snarling. “You never watched Sesame Street before?”

“You ain’t got no right insultin’ him!” Ricky snapped.

“It’s my box,” the man said. “I’ll insult whomever I like.”

Again Ricky felt his cold muzzle, this time against his spine.

“Now then,” the man said. “Let’s try it once more.”

On the third attempt, his mind calmed a little, Blaine got the combination right.

“Now open it,” the man said.

Blaine did so. “What the…?” A book, a fat black book, inside the safe. He lowered his head to peek deeper inside it. A book, only a…. “Where’s the–?”

“Money?” The man chortled. “Get that book out.”

While Ricky looked past the man’s arm, Blaine obeyed.

“My great-uncle’s diary from World War One,” the man said. “He won the Medal of Honor fighting in the Argonne Forest. I can’t afford to lose his memories.”

Mouths agape, Blaine and Ricky stared at him.

A siren blared till its car squealed to a stop outside.

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“You two are under arrest,” the man said.

Blaine scrambled to his feet. “You can’t arrest us.”

“That so?” The man’s bushy brown brows arched high. “I’m not only a real estate developer. I’m also a reserve police officer. My backup, the arresting officer, has arrived.” He marched them to the opened front door.

“Your house is fine, Reid,” the police officer said. “Your neighbor met me out front and said you called him on your cell.”

Reid shoved Blaine and Ricky toward the uniformed cop.

After the uniform read them their rights, he handcuffed them.

Reid laughed. “Oh, you two. One more thing. My shotgun wasn’t loaded.” 

Blaine’s face burned. He kicked a beer can off his front porch. “A book. All you had in it was a stupid book and dumb memories!”

THE END

Before Dr. Seuss and Charles Schulz

First Edition, 1902

Before the world had Dr. Seuss and Charles Schulz, and their characters’ spinoff products, the world had Beatrix Potter and Peter Rabbit. Although she wrote her children’s classic, The Tale of Peter Rabbit, in 1900, it didn’t find a publisher until 1902 when she was 36 years old. That publisher was Frederick Warne & Company. Even though they published it, they didn’t think it’d be much of a success.

The youngest brother in this company, Norman Warne, was given the book as his first project. He recommended to her that her drawings be in color; she recommended that, when published, the book would be small enough to fit in a child’s hands.

Well, we all know what happened. The book became a hit, and she followed this up with a Peter Rabbit doll in 1903. Such spinoffs made her a wealthy lady, indeed.

So, we’ll never knows what will happen with our books if we don’t try. Therefore, don’t listen to naysayers. Pursue your dream…and write, write, write.

“Miss Potter,” starring Renee Zelwinger. and Ewan McGregor, is an excellent movie about her writing career and her relationship with Mister Warne. I highly recommend it.

For more on Beatrix Potter, visit Beatrix Potter Biography |  Biography Online

Story Openings: First Lines

“Historical novels are, without question, the best way of teaching history, for they offer the human stories behind the events and leave the reader with a desire to know more.” Louis L’Amour, Education of a Wandering Man, Bantam, December 1, 1990.

In medias res—in the middle of things. Must all stories open this way? In my opinion, it’s the best way. But, as one reads short stories and novels, it’s obvious not every story begins this way. In the pen of a skilled writer, other options exist. The one thing all good openings possess, though, is this—they hook readers. Writers have a few seconds to do this—one sentence, one paragraph, or in the case of a novel the first page. Between 200 and 250 words, at the most.

Effective opening lines hook readers when they immediately draw those readers into the story. Writers should spend lots of thought on these because they can make or break a short story or book. When pondering an opening line, think about your reader. Is your reader watching an old rerun he finds boring, or perhaps he’s in a bad mood. What opening line can you come up with that will liven his day and get his interest in what you’ve written?

To see what I mean., let’s look at the opening paragraphs of Louis L’Amour’s novel, Sackett’s Land. The line below is the first line in the book.

It was my devil’s own temper that brought me to grief, my temper and a skill with weapons born of my father’s teaching.

What makes this opening line work? Let’s look closer.

Analysis of the First Line of Sackett’s Land

  • It introduces the main character, which every opening should do, and by the third line we learn that his name is Barnabas Sackett.
  • Readers learn a few things about Barnabas, all relevant to his story, and these are: (1) he has a temper, (2) he’s skilled with weapons, and (3) his father taught him how to use the weapons.
  • The Hook: Barnabas has come to grief. So, readers want to know what happened and continue reading to find out.

What keeps readers reading? Barnabas Sackett and his first line. He’s such an interesting character, readers want to follow him, even though the book’s first several pages have no dialogue and little serious conflict

Other Famous Opening Lines

“It was a pleasure to burn.” Ray Bradbury, Fahrenheit 451

“All happy families are alike; each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.” Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina

“It was a bright, cold day in April, and the clocks were striking thirteen.” George Orwell, 1984

“This is my favorite book in all the world, though I have never read it.” William Goldman, The Princess Bride

“All children, except one, grow up.” J.M. Barrie, Peter Pan

So, spend time working on and writing a knockout first line, one that’ll hook readers in seconds.

Story Openings: What a Character!

John Kennedy Toole, born in New Orleans, Louisiana, taught college English at Hunter College, the University of Southwestern Louisiana, and Domincan College. The Chicago Sun Times called his character, Ignatius J. Reilly, “…a Don Quixote of the French Quarter.”

As one reads short stories and novels, it’s obvious they don’t all begin en medias res.  In the pen of a skilled writer, other options exist. The thing all well written openings have in common, though, is this: they hook readers.  

The opening we’ll look at today is rarely used because it’s so difficult to pull off successfully. However, as we shall see, it has been done well. What opening am I talking about?  The character opening.

In the character opening, readers are introduced to a character so interesting that readers want to keep reading and learning more about him or her. One of the main drawbacks of this opening is that it doesn’t immediately thrust readers into the plot.

Having said that, let me introduce you to a Pulitzer Prize winning book that used it, written by the late New Orleans author John Kennedy Toole. The book: A Confederacy of Dunces. This is a humorous novel featuring a comical character named Ignatius J. Reilly. He’s so unique and interesting readers want to follow him.

The first line of Chapter One reads thus: A green hunting cap squeezed the top of the fleshy balloon of a head…

Then Toole spends several paragraphs continuing his description in a comical vein.

As those of us from Mobile, Alabama claim Forrest Gump as one of our literary heroes, those from New Orleans claim Ignatius. I know this, because I lived in New Orleans for twenty-five years. Winston Groom, Forrest’s creator, was from Mobile.

A Tragic Ending

Because Mister Toole died at a young age, he never saw his novel win the Pulitzer Prize. It was rejected twice, first by Simon & Schuster and then by famed Louisiana journalist Hodding Carter, Jr. Suffering from depression, he took his own life in Biloxi, Mississippi. His mother believed in the novel and let novelist Walter Percy read it. With his help, it finally found publication. In 1981, Mister Toole’s novel was awarded the Pulitzer Prize posthumously.

A Gentle Request

Depression is a serious illness and should always be taken seriously. As one who has suffered from it, I am speaking from experience. Please, never tell a depressed person to “snap out of it.” People suffering from depression cannot just snap out of it. Instead, pray for them and try to get them help as quickly as possible. It saddens me that Mister Toole never found the help he desperately needed.

Don’t let depression rob you of your dream, your life. If you are going through this dark tunnel, get help from those who understand, who are willing to listen, and who will guide you toward your healing.

Bibliography

Toole, John Kennedy. A Confederacy of Dunces, New York: Grove Press Edition, 1980 by Thelma D. Toole.

John Kennedy Toole – Wikipedia